[转帖]我国淡水鱼类资源的分布及开发利用

<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: none" align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font size="3"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-pagination: none"><font face="宋体"><font size="3"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">一、我国淡水鱼类资源的基本概况</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">1</span></b><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">．淡水水面面积广大</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">我国陆地面积辽阔，境内气候类型多样，地形复杂，江河纵横，湖泊众多。据不完全统计，我国内陆各类水域面积，包括湖泊、地塘、水库和江河等，共有</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">1747</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">万公顷，是世界上内陆水域面积最广的国家之一。另外，还有可以进行养鱼的水稻田</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">276</span><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">多万公顷。这些为丰富多样的淡水鱼类提供了良好的生存条件。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">2</span></b><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">．鱼类种类繁多</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">我国是淡水鱼类资源最丰富的国家之一。全国有</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">709</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">种和</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">58</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">个亚种不入海的纯淡水鱼，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">64</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">种洄游性淡水鱼。其中鲤科鱼类最多，约占</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">1/2</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">；鲇和鳅科次之，约占</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">1/4</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">；其他科的种类占</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">1/4</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">。它们半数以上是我国特有种，多数具有经济价值，有的还有重要的科学研究价值。在众多的经济鱼类中，主要的有</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">60</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">多种，如中华鲟、白鲟、裸腹鲟、鲤、胭脂鱼、鲤、鲫、青鱼、草鱼、鲢、鳙、团头鲂、鲮鱼、翅嘴红鲌、蒙古红鲌、圆口铜、青海湖裸鲤、黄鳝、鲥鱼、鲈鱼、鲚鱼、大马哈鱼等。它们大多不仅成熟期短（多在</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">2</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">～</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">4</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">年成熟）、产卵多，而且生长快、产量高。其中的中华鲟、白鲟和胭脂鱼还是我国的珍稀鱼类。中华鲟为我国所独有，它是一种大型鱼类，在其主要产区四川有</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">“</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">千斤腊子（中华鲟）万斤象（白鲟）</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">”</span><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">的渔谚，其肉与卵均为席上佳肴，尤以鱼卵制成的鱼子酱最为珍品；此外，在研究鱼类演化方面有一定的学术价值。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">3</span></b><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">．主要经济鱼类适应性强，分布广</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font face="宋体"><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">如鲤、鲫、鲢、鳙、草鱼、黄鳝等，几乎全国各地都有，利用价值较高。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">4</span></b><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">．鱼类资源有一定的区域差异性</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font face="宋体"><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">由于我国各地自然环境的差异，各地的鱼类区系组成也有一定的差异。按照鱼类生态环境和鱼种的差异，可将全国划分为六大鱼区。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">（</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">1</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">）东北鱼区。鱼类耐寒性强，以冷水性鱼类为主，共</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">100</span><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">余种。有代表性的是鲑鱼类，包括哲罗鱼、细鳞鱼、乌苏里鲑及麻哈鱼，还有江鳕鱼等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">（</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">2</span><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">）华北鱼区。主要包括黄河中下游、辽河、海河等水域。本区径流量小，湖泊水面少，河流含沙量大，不利于鱼类生活，鱼种少，以温水性鱼类为主。主要有鲤、鲫、蝗、赤眼鳟、红鲌鱼、中华细鳊、鲇等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">（</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">3</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">）华中鱼区。主要属长江流域。这里河网密布，湖泊众多，水温较高，饵料丰富，鱼种多达</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">260</span><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">余种，以温水静水性鱼类为主。主要有鮠、鳊、鲴、鲢、青、草、鲚、鲥、香、银等鱼类，还有中华鲟、白鳄。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">（</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">4</span><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">）华南鱼区。包括浙闽东部、台湾、粤桂南部、滇南。该区发育了南方型的暖水性鱼系，鱼种丰富。主要有鲮、鲇、鮠、鳊、鳃、青、草、鲥等鱼类。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">（</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">5</span><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">）宁蒙鱼区。主要包括内蒙古高原内陆水域和河套地区的水域，是一个与周围联系很少的淡水鱼区。该区种类贫乏，主要有鲤、鲫、麦穗鱼、铜鱼、赤眼鳟等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">（</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">6</span><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">）华西鱼区。包括新、青、藏、甘的全部和川西、滇北地区。区内大部分地区地势高耸，气候寒冷干燥。鱼类以冷水底栖型的裂腹亚科和条鳅亚科为主。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font face="宋体"><font size="3"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">二、我国淡水鱼类资源开发利用中存在的主要问题</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">1</span></b><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">．水利工程（闸坝）损害鱼类资源</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">建国后，全国开展了大规模的水利建设，这有利于防洪、灌溉、航运、发电；同时也形成了新的水面，扩大了鱼类生长繁殖的场所。但也因为修建了拦河闸、坝，隔断了一些洄游性鱼类及水产经济动物的洄游通道，致使鱼、蟹减产。例如，长江鱼产量由</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">50</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">年代最高年产</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">45</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">万吨降到现在年产</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">20</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">万吨的水平，且个体越来越小。中华鲟就是洄游鱼类，成年的中华鲟从东海进入长江，到长江上游四川宜宾附近的金沙江产卵，小鱼孵化出来后顺江漂流入海。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">1981</span><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">年葛洲坝工程截流，阻断了中华鲟的洄游通道，造成长江中下游鲟鱼产量一度大幅度下降。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">2</span></b><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">．不合理捕捞损害鱼类资源</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font face="宋体"><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">捕捞合理与否，可以从起捕鱼类的规格和捕捞季节两个方面来衡量。而现在我国许多地方，捕捞单位增多，船网渔具增加，机械化程度提高，捕期越来越长，网眼越来越小，鱼越捕越小，普遍存在着在鱼类繁殖期滥捕亲鱼和幼鱼的现象，使鱼类丧失了繁殖和生长的机会，资源减少。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">3</span></b><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">．围湖造田损害鱼类资源</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">“</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">八百里</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">”</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">洞庭已被围去</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">17</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">万公顷，鄱阳湖被围去</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">8</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">万公顷，太湖被围去</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">16</span><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">万公顷。这些水域大都是水草丛生、饵料丰富、适宜鱼类生长繁殖的场所。因此，围湖造田对水产资源损害很大。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">4</span></b><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">．水土流失损害鱼类资源</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font face="宋体"><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">如黄河流域从青海到潼关段，每年七八月因山洪暴发，水中含泥沙过多，鱼鳃被淤塞，鱼呼吸困难，引起大批鱼类死亡。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">5</span></b><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">．工业废水污染损害鱼类资源</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font face="宋体"><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">嫩江、松花江、辽河以及珠江水系，因受工业废水的污染，鱼类资源遭到不同程度甚至毁灭性的损害。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font face="宋体"><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">此外，毒鱼、炸鱼、电捕鱼等不良捕鱼方式也使鱼类资源蒙受一定的损失。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font face="宋体"><font size="3"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">三、我国水产生物资源的利用与保护</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">1</span></b><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">．深入进行水产资源的调查研究</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font face="宋体"><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">在重点地区，对水产资源的种群数量和质量以及潜力进行研究，为开发新的资源种类和寻找新的利用途径提供科学依据。此外，还应加强对水产资源的保护、养殖技术及综合利用的研究。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">2</span></b><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">．加强立法、依法保护，合理捕捞</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font face="宋体"><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">对水面资源的开发利用，必须立法和执法，依法加强管理。禁止或减少向水体中排放未经处理的污染物，防止水面被任意挤占、破坏，保证湖泊渔业生产必需的水位线，限制或禁止损害资源的渔具、捕捞方法，保护亲鱼和幼鱼，限制网目。确定合理的捕捞量、捕捞区、捕捞期，建立行之有效的禁渔期、禁渔区制度，尽可能在鱼的商品价值最高时捕捞。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">《中华人民共和国渔业法》已于</font></span><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="1" M="M"  year="1986"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">1986</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">年</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">7</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">月</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">1</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">日起</font></span></st1:chsdate><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">施行。我国渔业稳定、持续、健康发展有了法律保障。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">3</span></b><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">．积极进行天然水域的水产资源繁殖保护和增殖放流工作</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">增殖放流就是人工繁殖培育鱼苗，然后放流到天然水域中，以补充水域中鱼苗的不足，保护和恢复鱼类资源。广东省水产厅</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">1980</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">年在新会县</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">6600</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">多公顷水面和朝阳县</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">2600</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">多公顷水面进行人工增殖水产资源试点工作，连续三年共投资</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">25</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">万元，放流各种鱼种</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">4051</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">万尾。放种第二年，江河中鱼类明显增多，捕捞产量逐渐回升，到</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">1982</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">年两年时间，增产鱼类达</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">85</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><font face="宋体">万公斤，创造价值达</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">170</span><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">万元，相当于投资的六倍多。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">4</span></b><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">．大力开展水产人工养殖</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: none"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">进行水产养殖，投资少、收益大、见效快，是充分利用水生生物资源、提高总产量的有效途径。我国有广阔的内陆水面，又有漫长的海岸线，港湾众多，滩涂面积广大，并具有悠久的养殖历史，所以发展水产养殖业具有优越的条件和广阔的前景。淡水鱼类养殖，在华南有条件的地方可发展精养高产渔业；在华中、西南山区开展山塘、水库养鱼，其平原、丘陵区可发展稻田养鱼。开展海产养殖，利用我国沿岸<span lang="EN-US">20</span>～<span lang="EN-US">30</span>米等深线以内的港湾、滩涂，进行科学改造和管理，逐步将其改造为养殖鱼、虾、贝、藻的良田。<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></font></p>

[em63]

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>lanz</i>在2009-10-31 17:38:48的发言：</b><br/>知道有个毛用啊、、、 </div>
<p></p>

学习

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>hjk5942</i>在2009-10-31 16:12:34的发言：</b><br/>学习 </div>
<p></p>

[em78]

知道有个毛用啊、、、

观点正确，但难以实施~~~~~~~~~~~~~

知道有个毛用啊、、、
lanz 发表于 2009-10-31 17:38

                               
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    太少了，对原生保护远远不够