资料:双须鳅

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风暴鸟海瑶Lv.42 发表于 2010-3-1 20:53 | 显示全部楼层 IP: 广西河池

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本帖最后由 风暴鸟海瑶 于 2013-10-6 19:37 编辑

偶然找到的资料——



双须鳅:鳅科的一个新属和新种,在中国广西被发现

简单的翻译一些,就是广西澄江河发现鳅科的一个新属种,双须鳅(Bibarba bibarba)具体区别后面有一份资料中有提到








Bibarba bibarba: A new genus and species of Cobitinae (Pisces : Cypriniformes : Cobitidae) from Guangxi province (China)

A new genus of Cobitinae, Bibarba gen. n., and a new species, B. bibarba sp. n., were discovered and are described for the Chengjiang River, a tributary of the Hongshuihe River in Guangxi Province of southern China. This river region is characterized by a Karst landscape, and the river that is inhabited by the new genus is a slowly moving stream with arenaceous and cobblestone beds. The new genus resembles Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 (subfamily Cobitinae) in the shape and pigmentation pattern of their body, the absence of scales on their head, and the presence of a suborbital spine, but differs from it by a single Lamina circularis on the third pectoral fin ray instead of on the base of the second pectoral fin ray; two pairs of barbels (one rostral pair and one maxillo-mandibular pair) instead of three pairs of barbels (one rostral pair, one maxillary pair, and one maxillo-mandibular pair); a relatively thick and short suborbital spine with a strong medio-lateral process instead of a suborbital spine without or with a weakly formed medio-lateral process as in Cobitis; and the lack of a black stripe extending from the occiput through the eye to the insertion of the rostral barbel. The first two characters have not been reported in any other genus of the subfamily Cobitinae. A morphometric character analysis based on PCA reveals differences between B. bibarba and C. sinensis in body size, barbel length, interorbital width, pectoral fin length in males, and the position of the dorsal and ventral fins. Type specimens of the new species are kept in the Freshwater Fishes Museum of the Institute of Hydrobiology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Wuhan, Hubei Province. (c) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.


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风暴鸟海瑶楼主Lv.42 发表于 2010-3-1 20:53 | 显示全部楼层 IP: 广西河池
论文标题:我国鳅属及其邻近属鱼类的分类学整理和分子进化
Taxonomic Revision and Molecular Evolution of Chinese Loaches of Cobitis and Its Related Genera (Pisces: Cobitidae)
论文作者
论文导师 陈毅峰,论文学位 博士,论文专业 水生生物学
论文单位 中国科学院研究生院(水生生物研究所),点击次数 8,论文页数 206页File Size9207K
2007-06-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_542858822/
Cobitinae;; Cobitis;; Niwaella;; Bibarba gen. nov.;; taxonomy;; new species;; molecular evolution
鳅属Cobitis及其邻近属丹羽江鳅属Niwaella和双须鳅属Bibarba隶属鲤形目Cypriniformes,鳅科Cobitidae,鳅亚科Cobitinae。鳅属鱼类广泛分布于除青藏高原外的欧亚大陆、大巽他群岛和非洲的摩洛哥。由于鳅属及其邻近属鱼类外部形态上极为相似,性状交叉严重,使得这一类群的分类与鉴别比较困难。本论文通过对我国鳅属及其邻近属鱼类的两性异形、第二性征、体色斑纹、口唇结构和眼下刺的研究,界定了鳅属、丹羽江鳅属和双须鳅属的鉴别特征,并对这3个属的鱼类进行了系统的分类学整理;以细胞色素b为分子标记,分析了鳅属鱼类的分子进化。 1.分类学整理 通过对鳅属、丹羽江鳅属和双须鳅属形态性状的比较分析,我们认为雌雄间的两性异形、雄性第二性征的存在与否及着生的位置、体色斑纹类型、须的数目和排列方式以及眼下刺的形态等对鳅属、丹羽江鳅属和双须鳅属的划分具有重要的系统学意义;而雄性第二性征的形态、体色斑纹类型、口唇结构(颏叶的形态和须的长短)、眼下刺的形态和鳞片的形态等特征对于属下分类具有重要的意义。鳅属和双须鳅属鱼类雌雄两性异形,雄性第一根分枝鳍条变长、变宽、变硬。鳅属鱼类雄性个体第一根分枝鳍条的基部有一骨质突起(lamina circularis),即第二性征,双须鳅属鱼类雄性个体的骨质突起位于第二根分枝鳍条上。而丹羽江鳅属鱼类雌雄间不具两性异形,雄性个体也不具有第二性征。鳅属和丹羽江鳅属鱼类均有分生于吻端的2对吻须和1对口角须。而双须鳅属仅有1对吻须和1对口角须。 鳅属和双须鳅属鱼类具噶氏斑纹(Gambetta针对鳅属鱼类的体斑格局自体背中正至腹侧划分为五条带),同时,鳅属鱼类部分类群也具相似于丹羽江鳅属鱼类的体色斑纹类型,即噶氏斑纹分界不明显。鳅属和丹羽江鳅属鱼类头部具有从吻端通过眼到头顶至另一侧的吻端形成的“U”形黑色条纹,而双须鳅属鱼类具从吻端通过眼睛至鳃盖后缘形成的“︿”形黑色条纹;鳅属和丹羽江鳅属鱼类尾鳍基部上侧具一深黑色斑块,下侧斑块浅或缺失,而双须鳅属尾鳍基部则具两个颜色同样深的黑色斑块。 鳅属鱼类的眼下刺粗壮、稍直,侧刺不发达或缺;丹羽江鳅属鱼类的眼下刺纤细、弯曲,侧刺不发达或缺;双须鳅属鱼类的眼下刺粗壮且直,侧刺发达。 根据第二性征的形态、噶氏斑纹的类型、鳞片形态、口唇结构、眼下刺形态,结合23个可量性状的形态度量分析,对鳅属鱼类进行分类学整理。恢复了3种鳅属鱼类的有效性,即长吻鳅C. dolichorhynchus Nichols, 1918、花斑鳅C. melanoleuca Nichols, 1925和稀有鳅C. rarus Chen, 1981,另描记了12个新种和2个待定种。对丹羽江鳅属鱼类的分类学整理结果是,我们将斑条丹羽江鳅N. laterimaculata由鳅属改归为丹羽江鳅属,另描记了2个新种,因此,我国丹羽江鳅属应为3种。双须鳅属是建立的新属,仅有1个种:双须鳅Bibarba bibarba sp. nov.。 2.分子进化 测定了18种鳅属鱼类52尾样本以及双须鳅属1种2尾样本的cyt b基因全序列,另外从GenBank中下载了2种鳅属鱼类、1种鳞头鳅属Lepidocephalus和1种萨瓦讷鳅属Sabanejewia的cyt b基因全序列。以双须鳅、鳞头鳅和萨瓦讷鳅属为外类群,采用最大简约法、邻接法和贝叶斯法分别构建了鳅属鱼类的系统分子树;运用扩散-隔离分化分析和分子钟估计主要分支分化时间分析了鳅属鱼类生物地理学过程。结果表明:分子数据支持依据形态学鉴别特征对鳅属鱼类及其邻近属的划分。鳅属鱼类种间的进化关系主要由5个分支组成:位于基部的是分布于海南岛的沙花鳅C. arenae;其次是分布于南方水系的种类以及较原始的分布于北方的北方鳅C. granoei和鳅待定种(平江)C. sp (Pingjiang)。分布于长江的三线鳅C. trilinea sp. nov.、粗尾鳅C. crassicauda sp. nov.、长尾鳅C. longicaunda sp. nov.、大斑鳅C. macrostigma、长身鳅C. longa sp. nov.和前鳍鳅C. anterodorsalis sp. nov.,以及分布于黑龙江的黑龙江鳅C. lutheri、南渡江和九龙江的长吻鳅C. dolichorhynchus、南流江的小头鳅C. microcephala sp. nov.等种类的进化关系没有得到很好的解决。鳅属鱼类起源于中新世中晚期,大约在13.6百万年前,是鳅亚科由我国南方向北扩散过程中分化出来的一个现生属,其种间分化时间大约在第四纪。物种曾在较短的时间内发生快速种化。
Loaches of the genera Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758, Niwaella Nalbant, 1963 and Bibarba gen. nov. are of the subfamily Cobitinae, Family Cobitidae, Order Cypriniformes. Cobitis are a small benthic freshwater fish with a wide distribution area covering large parts of Eurasia, Sunda Islands and one additional species in north-west Africa. The genus Cobitis presents a difficult taxonomic problem, because the species are morphologically little differentiated. For a long time, most spined loaches were considered to belong to the genus Cobitis and named as C. sinensis. The taxonomic status of some forms of Cobitis and its related genera present problematic. The phylogenetic relationships of the genus Cobitis remain unsolved. In present study, the taxonomic revision on the genera Cobitis, Niwaella and its related genera from China were revised. Both methods morphology and molecular systematics were combined to study. 1. Taxonomic revision On the basis of the specimens of the genus Cobitis and its related genera, kept in the Freshwater Fishes Museum (FFM) of the Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB) at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in Wuhan (Hubei Province), the variation pattern of all major macromorphological characters were analyzed. The results show that sexual dimorphism (present or no) and the secondary sexual characters (e.g., lamina circularis or the scale of Canestrini), pigmentation pattern, the number and the pattern of the pairs of barbles arranged around the mouth, the shape of suborbital spine were considered as good characters for the delimitation of the Cobitis and its related genera; the pigmentation pattern, shape of lamina circularis in males, body scales, suborbital spine and mental lobes were generally features of species identification in spined loaches. Cobitis and Bibarba show the sexual dimorphism, which are males smaller than females, in males, the second pectoral fin ray thickened and elongated, while Niwaella do not show the sexual dimorphism. A lamina circularis present at the base of the second pectoral ray in males of Cobitis, and in the third pectoral ray of Bibarba, while no lamina circularis present in Niwaella. Three pairs of barbels (one rostral pair, one maxillary pair, and one maxillo-mandibular pair) are present in both Cobitis and Niwaella, while two pairs of barbels (one rostral pair and one maxillo-mandibular pair) in Bibarba. Some species of Cobitis are similar to Bibarba in the pigmentation pattern, having five longitudinal lines of dark speckles on the dorsolateral sides of the body (Gambetta’s pigmentation pattern). And some species of Cobitis are similar to Niwaella by having no the Gambetta’s pigmentation pattern, by scattered small dark speckles or large dark blotches on the dorsolateral surface, and a dark stripe or rounded black spots along the lateral midline, or some blotches below the lateral midline. Cobitis and Niwaella have a black stripe extends from the occiput through the eye to the insertion of the rostral barbel, while Bibarba have a black stripe extending from the operculum through the eye to the insertion of the rostral barbell. At the level of the base of the caudal fins, one dark spots is present in Cobitis and Niwaella, while two dark spots in Bibarba. The suborbital spine of Cobitis are thick and straight or slightly curved, without medio-lateral process, in Niwaella which relatively thick and curved, without medio-lateral process, while in Bibarba the suborbital spine relatively thick and stout suborbital spine with a strong medio-lateral process. Based on examination of specimens, 22 species and 2 incertitude species of Cobitis were confirmed to be Chinese, 8 old species (C. dolichorhynchus Nichols, 1918, C. melanoleuca Nichols, 1925 and C. rarus Chen, 1981 were considered to be valid) and 14 new species. Based on these characters, the species C. laterimaculata Yan and Zheng, 1984, was transferred from Cobitis to Niwaella. And two new species, N. xinjiangensis sp. nov. and N. longibarba sp. nov., were described. A new genus Bibarba gen. nov., and a new species, B. bibarba sp. nov., were described for the Chengjiang River, a tributary of the Hongshuihe River in Guangxi Province of southern China. 2. Molecular evolution We determined 54 complete mitochondrial cyt b gene sequences, which contain 52 individuals representing 18 species of Cobitis as well as 2 individuals presenting one species of Bibarba. And we retrieved 2 species of Cobitis as well as one species of Lepidocephalus, one species of Sabanejewia from the Genbank. Totally 61 sequences were used to infer the phylogenetic relationships of the Cobitis, with B. bibarba, L. octocirrhus, and S. balcanica as outgroups. Phylogenetic trees were estimated with maximum parsimony, neighbor joining and Bayesian optimality criteria. Our results show that the molecular data analysis evidences the morphological diagnosable species of the genus Cobitis from China. In the phylogenetic trees, species of the genus can be mainly grouped into five clades: (1) C. arenae represents the basal sister species of the genus Cobitis, supporting a southern China origin of the Cobitis; (2) four species distributed in the southern drainage, and C. sp (Pingjiang), C. granoei distributed in the middle and northern drainage; (3) C. leptosoma sp. nov. distributed in Beijiang River; (4) C. sinensis and C. latifasciata sp. nov. distributed in the Yangtse River and the population of C. latifasciata sp. nov. distributed in the Lijiang River; (5) nine species distributed in southern, middle and northern drainages. Based on the molecular estimate and using dispersal-vicariance, we estimate divergent times of the Cobitis fishes and test the vicariance and dispersal biogeographical hypotheses of Chinese Cobitis. The results indicated that the Cobitis most possibly originated in middle Miocene. The species divergence mostly concentrated in Quaternary. And several rapid speciation events were happened in a relatively short time. The distribution pattern of the Chinese Cobitis may be explain by both vicariance and dispersal theory.
展翅长空,破云万里。
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风暴鸟海瑶楼主Lv.42 发表于 2010-3-1 20:54 | 显示全部楼层 IP: 广西河池
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风暴鸟海瑶楼主Lv.42 发表于 2010-3-1 20:54 | 显示全部楼层 IP: 广西河池
很好,以后又多了一个目标
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xxxg00w0Lv.9 发表于 2010-3-1 21:37 | 显示全部楼层 IP: 浙江杭州 华数宽带
恩..采来发图..
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hhwwinerLv.40 发表于 2010-3-1 21:59 | 显示全部楼层 IP: 广西
不识字,只认图!
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冰月轮Lv.53 发表于 2010-3-1 22:02 | 显示全部楼层 IP: 北京房山区
有个图更好
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zzgjpLv.16 发表于 2010-3-2 10:20 | 显示全部楼层 IP: 北京 //双线BGP/首都信息
期待上图{:4_98:}
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cipolliniLv.41 发表于 2010-3-2 10:31 | 显示全部楼层 IP: 北京 教育信息网
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zyahyqLv.2 发表于 2010-3-2 12:11 | 显示全部楼层 IP: 广西南宁
{:4_98:}
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